Jena Six and United States Courts Essay

Jena Six and United States Courts Essay Jena Six and United States Courts Essay United States Courts Assignment 2: United States Courts james mikes Professor Robert Hammes August 23, 2013 FOOTBALL STAR On July 8, 2002, 16-year-old Brian Banks, a blossoming football star at Polytechnic High School in Long Beach, California, was attending summer school and anticipating his senior season on the football team. He had verbally accepted a four-year scholarship to play football at the University of Southern California. Shortly after 11:00 a.m., the 6-foot-4-inch, 225-pound Banks requested a pass to leave the classroom to use the telephone. On his way down the hall, he saw 15-year-old Wanetta Gibson, whom he had known from middle school, leaving the bathroom. On January 3, 2003, the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s office charged him with two counts of forcible rape and one count of sodomy with a special circumstance of kidnapping. Facing a potential prison term of 41 years to life, Banks pleaded no contest on July 8, 2003. He was sentenced to six years in prison. Banks served five years in prison and then was released on parole with an ankle monitor, he was required to regist er as a sex offender. On May 24, 2012, the conviction was set aside and the charges against Banks, 26, were dismissed at the request of Los Angeles Deputy District Attorney Brentford Ferreira. In 2013, the Long Beach Unified School District won a $2.6 million default judgment against Gibson. Justice was severed after a man spent six years of his life incarcerated that can’t be given back. This falls back on the high school where this event took place, for the lack of security in the school. Wanetta Gibson having to pay 2.6 million back to the school for false acquisition against Brian is justified. This case shows the true flaws in the justice system and how imperfect humans can be on judgment. JENA 6 Five members of the Jena Six pleaded, no contest to misdemeanor simple battery and won't serve jail time, ending a case that thrust a small Louisiana town into the national spotlight and sparked a massive civil rights demonstration. The five, standing quietly surrounded by their lawyers, were sentenced to seven days unsupervised probation and fined $500. It was a far less severe end to their cases than seemed possible when the six students were initially charged with attempted murder in the 2006 attack on Justin Barker, a white classmate. They became known as the "Jena Six," after the central Louisiana town where the beating happened. As part of the deal, one of the attorneys read a statement from the five defendants all of whom are black in which they said they knew of nothing Barker had done to provoke the attack. Charges against Carwin Jones, Jesse Ray Beard, Robert Bailey Jr., Bryant Purvis and Theo Shaw had previously been reduced from attempted murder to aggravated second-degree battery. All but Shaw were assessed $500 in court costs. The judge did not tack that punishment on to Shaw's case because he stayed in jail for almost seven months, unable to raise bail, following his initial arrest. The matter at hand started with the noose hanging, the young man that was assaulted didn’t happen the day noose was seen. Therefore the six young men planned before hand and received a lighter charge, because people marched in their favor and the media played a big role in the case. â€Å"Simple battery is a misdemeanor offense and carries up to 6 months in jail and fines reaching $1,000.† LA Code RS 14:35 This case is one of the most controversial case in American history, due to the overall outcome. David Ranta was convicted of killing a Jews rabbi Chaskel Werzberger in Williamsburg on February 8, 1990 in a botched robbery attempt of a diamond courier. The recently created Conviction Integrity Unit of the Brooklyn District Attorney's office determined after a year-long investigation that witnesses were coached and police mishandled evidence. Ranta had proclaimed his innocence from the start. Investigators

Growing Power of Nations essays

Growing Power of Nations essays The growing power of nations creates beneficial, as well as detrimental results that strongly affect their people. As nations gain more power, they also yearn for more of what they want, and when they want it. However, when nations gain more and more power, and grow stronger, other nations must grow weaker and lose power. This can cause conflicts over power, land, money, people, etc.. The possibly of war sharply increases due to these particular conflicts or disagreements. War did in fact occur. A period of time known as the Age of Imperialism started many quarrels between nations fighting over land. Several countries set up colonies in other countries to increase their land ownership and power. Unfortunately, as countries expanded and got caught up in their search for more, tribulations began between many nations, eventually leading to World War One. In order to entice men to join the fight in the war, many propaganda's were posted to try and interest men in fighting for their country, and their manhood. Posters, books, and people advertised everywhere in order to persuade people to fight against the opposition. These alleged propositions glorified war and painted a picture to men saying they could be hero's. War, however, was chaotic, not thoroughly planned , and caused break downs in communication, technology, and sanity. Many nations became careless of their people and became very greedy. Racial discrimination and segregation occurred, which prevented countries from becoming unified. Countries also dominated human rights and privileges which prevented unification. Living conditions for soldiers were poor and food rations were scarce, but did this bother the government? No. Leaders only cared if they won the war, and not for the lives of their men. An entire generation of men were lost in World War One, not only physically, but mentally as well. World War One was a changing point for the world. As it...

Intangible assets valuation methodologies Assignment

Intangible assets valuation methodologies - Assignment Example Cost based valuation approach is to measure the future benefit from the ownership of the tangible asset. The valuation of intangible assets is affected by the cost of substitute intangible asset. The cost based valuation approach also includes the new reproduction cost of the asset after deducting the tax. The cost approach measures the total cost of the duplicate intangible asset of same functionality in current prices. Functionality of the intangible asset is the performance of the job for which it was introduced. According to the cost based valuation approach of intangible assets include direct cost, indirect cost, the developer’s profit of the intangible asset and opportunity cost. The direct and indirect cost of intangible assets are easily identified and quantified while developer’s profit is comparatively difficult as it can be calculated through different procedures. All the four types of costs including direct, indirect, developer’s profit and opportunity cost are included in the valuation of intangible asset through cost based approach. The valuation should also include the physical deterioration, functional and economic obsolesce. The depreciation on the intangible asset is subtracted from the current value. Market based valuation approach is the perception of the economic value of the intangible asset. This valuation approach is based on supply and demand and market efficiency. The value of an intangible asset can valued from the sale or transfer of the asset with same features in the same market. This approach is more suitable for active assets so that several examples can be found for the valuation of the asset. Market based valuation is more logical, practical and applicable on intangible assets. The most reliable fair value is the quoted market price of the intangible asset in the active market. The first step in valuation through market approach is collection of data from

Children's Learning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Children's Learning and Development - Essay Example The three main theories are behaviorism theory, constructivism theory and socio-cultural theory. Behaviorism theory states that knowledge exists and learners should discover it. . Constructivism theory states that knowledge can be created in the mind of a child while socio-cultural theory states that knowledge is created and transferred when children interact with members of the society. The society, the state as well as individual members of the societies understand the importance of developing and nurturing the capabilities of a child to develop into a responsible and productive adult in the coming years. There are various ways of promoting learning and development of children. First, according to Blake et al (21), children learn and develop when they feel sense of containment, worth and love. They also need to be inspired, encouraged and challenged to stretch beyond their capabilities to be able learn and develop. As a result, they develop positive attitude towards learning. Secondly, children and young people need a role model who they are able to observe and emulate. This will show them a path to follow as they develop into adults. Thirdly, they need opportunities to practice and internalize different ways of being and behaving. The opportunities can be availed in form of well thought of role-plays, music, acting (drama) and group work. The opportunities enabled them to learn and understand themselves and their personalities as they interact with various members of the society. Therefore, children should receive enjoyable and challenging experiences during their learning and devel opment. Fourthly, the individuality of every child should be recognised and nurtured at all developmental stages. This assures that the children's individual needs as well as interests and abilities are taken into solemn considerations. Fifth, the children should be assisted to identify their talents and hobbies. This is because talents and hobbies make them enthusiastic and the levels of their self-esteem grow. Furthermore, talents and hobbies help children develop passions early in life. This is done by listening to the voices of children when they talk about their interests and likes in life as well as paying attention to the environment where the child learns and develops. Sixthly, children should be praised for every good thing they do. This reinforces positive behavior in their learning environment. It is important to note and understand that children enjoy growing and developing in a stimulating environment. Stimulating environment presents a platform for challenging activiti es and experiences for growing and developing children. If every aspect of a child is taken into consideration, the child would exhibit progress in his or her learning and development endeavors. Seventh, it is important to ensure that children are safe and healthy. Children should be kept away from hazards that can devastate or disempower them in the environment in which they live. Children should be fed with balanced diets. In addition, children should be taught how to keep themselves healthy. They need to learn to wash their hands regularly and brush their teeth after main meals. Whichever the approach utilized

Appropriate Behavior Expectations Case Study Essay Example for Free

Appropriate Behavior Expectations Case Study Essay As Christian home base daycare educators for underprivileged children ages 6 weeks to age four, it is important that we understand how each child’s development translates into our behavioral expectation in the classroom. As a Christian home base daycare center there are many things we are able to offer that a school setting does not allow; such as prayer; every morning we start the day off with prayer. Because children are so energetic after breakfast comes Zumba followed with chillax which consist of planking one minute on our mats. We then go over our rules and if’s (what happens if the rules are not followed), making sure that every child fully understand what each expectation means â€Å"Teaching rules and procedures to students at the beginning of the year and enforcing them consistently across time increases student academic achievement and task engagement† (Evertson, 1985; 1989; Evertson Emmer, 1982; Johnson, Stoner, Green, 1996). We also remind our children as well as the educator of the (ME center) which are used when someone feels the need to be alone, no-one can speak, look or talk to that person while they are in the â€Å"me center†. There is also a â€Å"TALK TO ME† center when a child has the need to be around an adult that will just listen; this center is set up with a two lounge chair one for the child and one for the educator. Last but not least, we have a reward system; each child receives a shiny star for good days and at the end of the week they get a small prize if they get stars for the whole month the get to go to the dollar store and pick out any toy they want. We have created ways to involve and communicate with the parents as well as the children by being family oriented; once a week usually on Fridays everyone comes together (parents, child and educators) bringing a dish from home and have dinner and game night. We also take that time out to talk about everyone’s progress, needs and concerns. Although I would love to provide this for everyone in the community at this time it is finically impossible there for the space is limited to twelve children. There are things that are not tolerated as well  as bulling or endangerment to another child, a child that shows this type of aggression is removed from the program and the parent is given suggestions that might better provide for that child. Our expectation begins with Behavior: Respect – treat others the way you would like to be treated. Communication – (Use Your Words) talk out your problems and/or concerns. If you are unable to do this ask a educatorfor help. Consistency- there is a time and place for everything, when we work; quietly go into your groups, during play make sure you are in the center with your picture and your timer has been set, use inside voice when inside raise our hand when we’re in groups Fun – having fun is a must These are the rules given in the beginning of the school year. However, together educators and students and make up rules together of what is expected with our behavior. (Some examples of our student rules) * Keep your hands to yourself and your feet on the ground. * No talking when others are talking * The person talking must be holding the talking bug * Be quiet during story time * The timer in centers * Always say please and thank you * Our children know that there are consequences of misbehavior, which are applying consistently and equitable; if rules are not followed we do timeout, according to age and each child understand these consequences. However, a child always is given a chance to tell their side of the story and if they have to be placed in timeout, they must be given an explanation of why they are being put into timeout with a suggestion that will help them avoid it the next time. As educators we have agreed to have at least one educator greet child and parent at door with a smile, making sure to ask the simple question â€Å"how u doin?† (Wendy Williams show† We start our class the same way and they respond the same way. Instead of telling a child â€Å"Stop†, â€Å"No†, or â€Å"Cut it out†. We use the all Eyes on me, pencils down, we get your key out of our pocket to lock the door on out mouth and then place the key  on our desk. Educators are not allowed to use cell phones, must use home base phones, and although children have nap time educators are never allowed to nap. As a group we gather advice, support, and encouragement. When it comes to academic expectations we find it beneficial in many cases to work in small groups. However, I do not necessarily work in groups according to age; when it comes to learning I tend to divide the children up according to their learning style. For example: * If a child understanding concepts better when seeing things written on the board, or if they watch me intently when I am speaking, good at remembering faces and places or can give detail input about a movie or a television show I will place them in a group I call â€Å"Visual Learner†. This child(ren) is more likely to benefit for visual aids such as flash cards, memory games, drawing, computer programs, videos and so forth. * If a child is known for talking out loud or repeating what is said when processing new concepts, reads out loud to themselves, ask a lot of questions to get understanding or ask a lot of question when doing assignments, or shows more understanding when facts or questions are being asked to them rather than them reading it themselves, will be placed in a group I call â€Å"Auditory Learners†. This group of child may benefit in a more composed and smaller setting, groups within groups, study buddies, much of their work will be taught one on one, or with tape recorders. * If a child become antsy after sitting still for too long, constantly moving, prefers to stand rather than sit, easily lose focus, and fidget when it comes to doing school work that group is call â€Å"Kinesthetic Learner†. This group of children takes frequent breaks, is given stress balls when studying written assignments and is given more hands on learning activities. (This is the group that Ron would most likely be until I am able to pinpoint his reason(s) for losing focus.) Also, recognize that sometimes children just feel the need to move around at times during the lesson, so we make the space available. However, a child’s personality is another key factor adjustments have to be made such as the organized, self-motivated child who wills more likely approach learning differently than those who is more spontaneous and less methodical. Once a child’s learning style(s) has been  recognized our educators are better equipped to help that child to adapt to the environment; which will hopefully help them learn more effectively and succeed within the class. â€Å"Critically analyze Ron’s challenging behaviors to determine contributing factors (as presented in Level A Case 1)† (Ashford 3: Week 2 Assignment) I would first take Ron aside and explain the rules and what is expected of him, I would than allow him to return to the group as we go other the rules together. Observe, Ron for at least a week to find out if his behavior is due to lack of communication in which case during play we (he and I) would act out different scenarios and find the proper solutions, if it is environmental, we would make every effort to produce comfort, trust, and security to his new surroundings, and if it is a need of attention, I would remind him of our Talk To Me center which is available at all times. If it is medical, I would advise the parents that my daycare is not programmed with the necessities needed to accommodate their child but would be willing to do everything possible to find the proper fitting place for them. As time goes by we will continue to work with Ron implementing our way of doing things a little at a time, so that he will not be overwhelmed by his new surroundings until he is comfortable and aware of all of our expectations. References: Kaiser, B. Sklar Rasminsky, J. (2012). Challenging behavior in young children. (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc. Robert a. Baron and Michael J. Kaisher (2009) Introduction to Psychology (2nd ed.) Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc

The role of Animals in The Unbearable Lightness of Being and Poems New

Since animals, usually pets, are sometimes an essential part of one’s life, it is not surprising that we find frequent references to its role in works of social realism, such as Wislawa Szymborska’s Poems New and Collected and Milan Kundera’s Unbearable Lightness of Being. Animals in literature could be used to symbolize all sorts of things, but in particular, animals may represent the personality of a character. This is because as humans and animals co-exist in the same atmosphere, certain aspects of a character reveal themselves in the compassion or even hatred towards the animal. Since animals are often known to trigger the interests of humans, the attitude of the humans towards the animals contributes much to character revelation. Both Szymborska and Kundera use animals to symbolize character personality in their works. Therefore, through looking at animals, although it does seem to be a very commonplace topic, we may gain insight to what the writers are try ing to convey about the character. This paper will compare the ways the writers use animals to determine a character’s personality or characteristics. A recurring character in Kundera’s Unbearable Lightness of being is Karenin, a dog saved from death by one of the novel’s protagonists, Tomas. He had wanted some sort of a distraction that would keep Tereza’s attention off him so that he could persist with his life that he believed he had control over: At last he made his choice: a bitch whose body seemed reminiscent of the German shepherd and whose head belonged to its Saint Bernard mother. He took it home to Tereza, who picked it up and pressed it to her breast. ¹ Through the novel, Karenin, the ‘ugly dog’ Tomas brings home for Tereza, develops a bond between Tereza, which grows throughout the novel. Tereza is portrayed as a ‘heavy’ individual with considerably heavy burdens on both her shoulders. One other burden Tereza carries is, essentially, Karenin. It takes the place of Tomas when Tereza is alone, therefore – Tereza is bound, with love, to it. Kundera shows here, how Karenin affects Tereza’s personality by being next to her and being a comfort to her at times when heaviness settles in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, with no baby between Tereza and Tomas’ marriage, Karenin acts as Tereza’s responsibility, both emotionally and financially. It seems that Tereza can make decisions only... ...tion by executing government opposition – an example how humanity acted in ‘other’ moral situations. The last chapter, ’Karenin’s Smile’, is counting up to Karenin’s death, while ‘between the lines’, Tereza and Tomas dies. Their death is outweighed by their dog’s death and its funeral. This shows how humanity seems to be condemned by their moral actions towards animals, the ‘test’ mentioned above.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The way that the role of animals can be used as a literary effect is evident in both Kundera and Szymborska’s works. The two contrast eachother, Kundera suggests that the role of animals in his novel is that they become their owner’s peaceful character builder by having characters of their own. In Szymborska’s works, we see quite the opposite; she portrays the role of animals as people’s irritation, a vexation – where characters are rather barbaric and careless towards the animals. The two works show the same superiority of human over animals, yet the human attitudes towards them entirely dissimilar. We may perceive that the presence of animals, such delicate literary technique, determines the attitudes and personality of the characters of a literary work. The role of Animals in The Unbearable Lightness of Being and Poems New Since animals, usually pets, are sometimes an essential part of one’s life, it is not surprising that we find frequent references to its role in works of social realism, such as Wislawa Szymborska’s Poems New and Collected and Milan Kundera’s Unbearable Lightness of Being. Animals in literature could be used to symbolize all sorts of things, but in particular, animals may represent the personality of a character. This is because as humans and animals co-exist in the same atmosphere, certain aspects of a character reveal themselves in the compassion or even hatred towards the animal. Since animals are often known to trigger the interests of humans, the attitude of the humans towards the animals contributes much to character revelation. Both Szymborska and Kundera use animals to symbolize character personality in their works. Therefore, through looking at animals, although it does seem to be a very commonplace topic, we may gain insight to what the writers are try ing to convey about the character. This paper will compare the ways the writers use animals to determine a character’s personality or characteristics. A recurring character in Kundera’s Unbearable Lightness of being is Karenin, a dog saved from death by one of the novel’s protagonists, Tomas. He had wanted some sort of a distraction that would keep Tereza’s attention off him so that he could persist with his life that he believed he had control over: At last he made his choice: a bitch whose body seemed reminiscent of the German shepherd and whose head belonged to its Saint Bernard mother. He took it home to Tereza, who picked it up and pressed it to her breast. ¹ Through the novel, Karenin, the ‘ugly dog’ Tomas brings home for Tereza, develops a bond between Tereza, which grows throughout the novel. Tereza is portrayed as a ‘heavy’ individual with considerably heavy burdens on both her shoulders. One other burden Tereza carries is, essentially, Karenin. It takes the place of Tomas when Tereza is alone, therefore – Tereza is bound, with love, to it. Kundera shows here, how Karenin affects Tereza’s personality by being next to her and being a comfort to her at times when heaviness settles in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, with no baby between Tereza and Tomas’ marriage, Karenin acts as Tereza’s responsibility, both emotionally and financially. It seems that Tereza can make decisions only... ...tion by executing government opposition – an example how humanity acted in ‘other’ moral situations. The last chapter, ’Karenin’s Smile’, is counting up to Karenin’s death, while ‘between the lines’, Tereza and Tomas dies. Their death is outweighed by their dog’s death and its funeral. This shows how humanity seems to be condemned by their moral actions towards animals, the ‘test’ mentioned above.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The way that the role of animals can be used as a literary effect is evident in both Kundera and Szymborska’s works. The two contrast eachother, Kundera suggests that the role of animals in his novel is that they become their owner’s peaceful character builder by having characters of their own. In Szymborska’s works, we see quite the opposite; she portrays the role of animals as people’s irritation, a vexation – where characters are rather barbaric and careless towards the animals. The two works show the same superiority of human over animals, yet the human attitudes towards them entirely dissimilar. We may perceive that the presence of animals, such delicate literary technique, determines the attitudes and personality of the characters of a literary work.

External/Internal Factors Paper Essay

The Frito-Lay is a worldwide recognized organization that began from the union of two companies in 1961. Within this organization, management has had to deal with internal and external factors that affect the four fundamental functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Globalization, technology, innovation, diversity and ethics have also had their impact on the four functions of management in the Frito-Lay organization. Managers for the Frito-Lay organization have found ways to use delegation to manage the different factors and functions and perform in an effective and efficient way. The planning function of an organization is important because it involves determining the goals for the success of the company. An internal factor that may affect the planning function of management at the Frito Lay organization is attention to competitors. When Frito-Lay plans to incorporate new ideas and demands, they look to the competitors for insight of how to approach th ese new ideas in a positive and well-thought out process. According to Leyla Norman, â€Å"a hurried entrance into a new market can cost the company money in the long run and not make full use of managers’ planning abilities† (Norman, 2004). This means that if the Frito-Lay organization does not take the planning process into full advantage when rushing to compete with other companies, they could end up losing instead of gaining profits and customer preference. An external factor that could affect the planning function of management is the economy. While determining the goals of the organization, the economy plays large role. When the economy is not at a high point, planning within the Frito-Lay company may be â€Å"stopped, adjusted or taken in a new direction† (Norman, 2004). As the economy recovers planning may be resumed as needed. The organizing function of management involves â€Å"assembling and coordinating the human, financial, physical, informational and other resources needed to achieve goals† (Bateman & Snell, 2011). An internal factor that could affect the Frito-Lay company is a financial necessity. If funds are not  available to pursue and achieve the plans of the organization, then it could affect the realization of the goals for the company. An external factor that could affect the organizing function within the Frito-Lay company may be any new technological advance. If the Frito-Lay company is not up-to-date with their technological capabilities, this could affect the implementation of the goals mapped out in the planning function. The leading function is described by Bateman and Snell as â€Å"stimulating people to be high performers† (Bateman & Snell, 2011). A factor that could internally affect Frito-Lay management in the leading function could be lack of employee performance. If employees do not have the motivation to achieve the goals of the organization, the whole company could suffer. An external factor that could potentially affect the organization and management of Frito-Lay is ethical issues. When there are ethical issues outside of an organization, it could affect the company in a negative way. This could be a major reason that Frito-Lay creates opportunities and depends on the â€Å"minority and women-owned entrepreneurs (M/WBEs)† (Frito-Lay, 2014). In the controlling function of management, performance is closely monitored and changes are implemented as necessary. When employees deviate from the established performance standards, an internal factor that could affect the management function is a conflict of interest. When there are conflicts of interests, such as family relationships, it could internally affect the performance monitoring. An external factor that could affect the controlling factor in the Frito-Lay company could be labor laws. Although Frito-Lay has standards of performance and expectations, they must still comply with labor laws as they are established for the safety and security of employees. There are many internal and external factors that impact the leading function of management. One internal factor that impacts it is employee morale. â€Å"Morale is defined as the end result of many factors present in the workplace environment.† (Javitch, 2005). Morale can make or break any business. If your employees have poor morale, it will affect customer service and customer satisfaction which is the key component to businesses. Competition is an external factor that can impact the leading function of management. If there is an outside company that is doing better than yours, it can discourage employees and supervisors as well. This can lead to poor attitudes and morale in the workplace which then turns into  internal issues for that company. An internal factor that impacts the controlling function of management is technology. Having up to date technology can help improve things ranging from order accuracy to financial management which are both essential things for Frito-Lay as they are a very large corporation with consumers around the world. The economy is an external factor that impacts the controlling function of management. The economy affects their profitability and competition as well. The economy’s condition could potentially impact their sales and profitability. â€Å"Globalization is an elimination of barriers to trade, communication, and cultural exchange. The Theory behind globalization is that the worldwide openness will promote the inherent wealth of all nations.† (Jones, 2014). Globalization impacts all four functions of management. Globalization opens the doors for more business opportunities around the world and increases management globally. It allows production to increase and allows employees to transfer to other positions within the company to other locations around the world. Globalization also increases competition due to the increase in an increase in customer base. Larger customer bases increase the profitability of businesses. Not having globalization previously would decrease the values of products due to their limit of customers. It increases a company’s ability to compete worldwide instead of limiting it to its country of origin which also increases profitability. The four functions of management that are impacted in the technological sense would be planning, leading and controlling Utilizing the function of management process within the Frito-Lay’s organization has made it one of the most popular and long standing companies in the snack food industry. How they plan, organize, lead and control is important to the continued success of the organization. Because of the large scale volumes they have to produce and distribute efficiently and continuously to all their customers they have to utilize the planning process in order to stay in the competitive market they are in. They also have to look for new and better ways to process their product. Frito-Lay is in a competitive industry and they always need to know what technology is available to them that when used it saves cost and increases productivity. When implementing new technology you have to ensure that those leading and controlling the  employees have knowledge of the new technology. Frito-Lay also has to ensure that those operating or involved with the new equipment are trained well and capable of continuing to do the job they were previously doing, but better. When they implemented new packing equipment in their Kern County facility, they ensured that everyone was trained. Because the equipment was to eliminate jobs the managers communicated with the employees and assured them they would avoid lay-offs. (Mohsen & Grijalva, 2001). With the management functions used and a good management team in place they were able to implement the new equipment and improve productivity by 30% on the line. (Mohsen & Grijalva, 2001). Innovation is defined by Merriam-Webster as, â€Å"The act or process of introducing new ideas, devices and methods.† (Innovative, 2014) With innovation comes change. Since innovation has an impact on the leading and controlling portion of the functions of management, management has to have an open line of communication in order to hear new ideas that their employees may have. The more involved Frito-Lay allows their employees to be, the more opportunity they have to receive and enact their innovative ideas. It is important that an organization utilizes the knowledge and experience of their resources by encouraging them to change methods that may work better than what has been done in the past. Frito-Lay is a diverse organization with their workforce as well as the products they offer their customers. Diversity also impacts the leading and controlling functions of management. Communication and networking are important aspects of a diverse organization also, because they allow people to interact with others that they may not normally interact with. Diversity has allowed Frito-Lay to be successful in the global pursuit of introducing their products as well. When transitioning into another country they utilize someone that is familiar with the market and culture to ensure a smoother transition into that particular market. As far as the diversity of their products they are currently conducting a contest to find new flavors for their chips in an effort to diversify their product even further. With all the misconduct that occurs in the business world, ethics is an important factor that can impact all the functions of management. In all aspects an organization has to avoid unethical behavior within the business they conduct, how the deal and address their employees and customers. Because of the products that are available through Frito-Lay management has to concern  themselves with the employees behaving in an ethical manner as well. To ensure that the employees know and understand the ethical implications that can occur, they are required to attend an ethics course and sign a certification that they have done so on a yearly basis. Frito-Lay has to take all precautions in avoiding unethical behavior throughout their organization. The top managers over at Frito Lay © over see many parts of their overall organization. They continuously have to adapt to different factors that may arise, excel in efficiency, excel in effectiveness, and monitor daily operations. It would be almost impossible for one person to do all of these functions, while planning strategies for existing goals and new ones. In order for a manager to accomplish all of these objectives they must delegate their work to their subordinates. Using delegation has many advantages that help the mana ger and their subordinates. For top managers, they are able to take on more of the strategic planning of the company than the operational managing. The sixteen executive managers of Frito Lay © that oversee different divisions of the company cannot possibly specialize in each part of the department (Frito Lay 2014) They must delegate the work out to middle managers and line managers in order to complete operational tasks and planning. These levels of management have a more intimate knowledge of their division or department (Bateman 2011). A manager in marketing may have a clearer understanding of globalization and how to reach an international market. Managers in human resources or compliance will have a more precise view of ethical dilemmas could arise. Although upper management might be delegating out their work, they still have a final say on what choice to make. This makes the final responsibility land on the upper management. Managers must be adaptive to all the different factors that come up in business. The world market is a continuously changing and growing environment. In order for a business to survive in this environment the managers that are employed must recognize the issues that could arise and know how to adapt to them. External issues could range from global economic changes to environmental changes that limit resources. Some internal issues that should be considered could involve the growth of the company. Recognizing the company has out grown its current structure will allow managers to implement a new structure that will fit the growing company  better. Management will always need to know how to adapt to these changes as well consider them in their overall planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Changing environments can shift how a manager views their own organization and how it is standing up against its competition. Sometimes, though, management needs to use their most crucial resource as efficiently as possible. This resource would be time, and a manager needs to use this resource as wisely as possible. In order to free up managers they have to delegate their work amongst their subordinates. Delegating their work frees them up to make all of the important planning that will guide the organization to their next achievement.

Ethnographic Reseacrh

Ethnographic Research Ethnography is a type of social science research that investigates the practices and life of a community, by becoming one of its members. It is based on learning about a context and the people living in it, by understanding their values, needs and vocabulary. It requires faithful reporting of what is experienced or observed, avoiding any interpretation or evaluation as far as possible.Within the field of experience design, ethnography or video ethnography are methods used to capture human ehaviour in the context of the person's natural environment, as a means of gaining insights about people's behaviours and unarticulated motivations, drivers, needs, in order to create innovative solutions. Design ethnography helps answer questions like what is necessary to innovate with success; what are the key social actors and roles to take into account; and which are the limiting factors? Educated observation and participation are the main methods that enable our team to un derstand user requirements and context of use.Two examples of the ethnographic design pproach are shadowing and self-observations. Shadowing is an ethnographic technique to understand a person's real-time interactions with products, services or process and their shifting contexts and needs over the course of a day. Shadowing often focuses on particular events or tasks participants are willing to share. Talk Aloud and closure interviews are used to clarify questions. Self-observations/ Diaries is a method used when it is difficult or impossible to directly access a certain place (like people's homes) or access is too time consuming.It consists of asking eople to provide self-observations about their activities in the form of log reports or diaries, for example. Although this method involves the subjectivity of the participants in the data collected, it can be valuable to get a glimpse of life through the eyes of the people that are being studied. How ethnographic research works Ethno graphic research relies on techniques such as observation, video diaries, photographs, contextual interviews, and analysis of artifacts such as for example devices, tools or paper forms that might be used as part of a person's Job.Observations can be made at home, at work, or in leisure environments. People can be studied with their family, on their own, with work colleagues, or as part of a group of friends. Often one participant may be recruited, but several more may be studied as part of that person's family or friends. Data collection can range from a 4-5 hour contextual interview, through to following a participant for several days, or even a longitudinal study over several weeks or months to investigate, for example, how a particular product or service might be used over time.It doesn't necessarily involve full immersion' in a person's life: it can involve a depth interview in a person's home or it might involve a person simply maintaining their own video diary over a period o f time. Where and how you might use it Ethnographic research can provide extremely rich insight into ‘real life' behavior, and can be used to identify new or currently unmet user needs. This approach is most valuable at the beginning of a project when there is a need to understand real end particular audience. When not to useEthnographic research can provide a significant amount of qualitative data, and analysis can be time consuming. NOTE: The term ‘ethnographic' can be misused; it's currently a bit of a ‘buzzword' with some agencies who may not fully understand the approach. It is recommended that a specialist agency is used, who can demonstrate successful case studies (collecting and analyzing the data). Participants In principle, anyone could participate in this type of research. As with any user research, the recruitment of suitable participants is key.The full implications of the research should be fully explained to potential participants, as some may not fe el comfortable with this level of intrusion in their lives. Timescales Depending on the study needs and the approach, but 6-8 weeks from briefing to results can provide rich insight. It may take time to build trust with participants, and the analysis period needs to be sufficient to be thorough. Ethnographic research can be expensive and time consuming, but this depends on the needs of a particular project. The benefits derived can be extremely valuable.

Portia in Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice

Portia in Shakespeare's 'The Merchant of Venice' Portia in Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice is one of the Bards most beloved characters. The Love Test Portias fate is determined by the love test her father gives to her suitors. She is unable to choose her own suitor but is forced to marry whoever passes. She has wealth but has no control over her own destiny. When Bassanio passes the test, Portia immediately agrees to divest all her riches, property, and power over to him in order to be his loving and dutiful wife. She is passed from one man’s control- her father’s- to another- her husband’s: As from her lord, her governor, her king.Myself and what is mine to you and yoursIs now converted: but now I was the lordOf this fair mansion, master of my servants,Queen oer myself. And even now, but now,This house, these servants and this same myselfAre yours, my lord’s (Act 3 Scene 2, 170-176). One wonders what is in it for her... other than companionship and, hopefully, love? Let’s hope that her father’s test really is foolproof, in that the suitor is proven to love her through his choice. As an audience, we know the lengths to which Bassanio has gone to win her hand, so this gives us hope that Portia will be happy with Bassanio. Her name is Portia, nothing undervaluedTo Cato’s daughter, Brutus’ Portia.Nor is the wide world ignorant of her worth,For the four winds blow in from every coastRenowned suitors, and her sunny locksHang on her temples like a golden fleece,Which makes her seat of Belmont Colchis’ strand,And many Jasons come in quest of her (Act 1 Scene 1, 165-172). Let’s hope Bassanio is not just after her money but, in choosing the lead casket, we are to assume he is not. Character Revealed We later discover Portia’s true grit, resourcefulness, intelligence, and wit through her dealings with Shylock in court, and many a modern audience might lament her fate at having to go back to court and be the dutiful wife she promised to be. It is also a pity that her father did not see her true potential in this way and, in doing so, he may not have determined his ‘love test’ necessary but trusted his daughter to make the right choice off her own back. Portia ensures that Bassanio is made aware of her alter ego; in disguise as the judge, she makes him give her the ring that she has given him. In doing so, she can prove that it was she posing as the judge and that it was she who was able to save his friend’s life and, to and extent, Bassanios life and reputation. Her position of power and substance in that relationship is therefore established. This sets a precedent for their life together and allows the audience some comfort in thinking that she will maintain some power in that relationship. Shakespeare and Gender Portia is the heroine of the piece when all the men in the play have failed, financially, by the law, and by their own vengeful behavior. She swoops in and saves everyone from themselves. However, she is only able to do this by dressing up as a man. As Portia’s journey demonstrates, Shakespeare recognizes the intellect and abilities that women have but concedes that they can only be demonstrated when on a level playing field with men. Many of Shakespeare’s women show their wit and cunning when they are disguised as men. Rosalind as Ganymede in As You Like It is another example. As a woman, Portia is submissive and obedient; as the judge and as a man, she demonstrates her intelligence and her brilliance. She is the same person but is empowered by dressing as a man and, in doing so, she hopefully gains the respect and equal footing she deserves in her relationship: If you had known the virtue of the ring,Or half her worthiness that gave that ring,Or your own honour to contain the ring,You would not then have parted with the ring (Act 5 Scene 1, 199-202).

Verb Endings in -ed and -t

Verb Endings in -ed and -t Verb Endings in -ed and -t Verb Endings in -ed and -t By Maeve Maddox While irregular verbs are often a focus of grammatical errors, regular verbs are a frequent source of spelling errors. Most regular verbs form their past tense by adding -ed to the base: accept/accepted. A few verbs form the past tense with a -t ending: build/built. Some spelling errors result from the fact that the -ed ending may be pronounced in one of three ways: /ed/ complimented /d/ loved /t/ equipped A common spelling error occurs with words that end with the sound /t/, but are spelled with –ed. For example, wrecked, might be misspelled as â€Å"wreckt.† Some of verbs that end with the sound /t/ do spell the sound with -t. bend/bent feel/felt keep/kept leave/left lend/lent lose/lost mean/meant send/sent sleep/slept spend/spent weep/wept Some verbs that end with the /t/ sound may be spelled with either -ed or -t. The -t ending for these verbs is more common in British spelling. burned, burnt dreamed, dreamt kneeled, knelt leaped, leapt leaned, leant learned, learnt smelled, smelt spelled, spelt spilled, spilt spoiled, spoilt Most American speakers would probably consider leapt, leant, learnt, smelt, and spelt out-and-out misspellings. Burnt, dreamt, knelt, spilt, and spoilt, however, do occur in U.S. speech and writing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†Disappointed + PrepositionUsing Writing Bursts to Generate Ideas and Enthusiasm

Business law case assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business law case assessment - Assignment Example They can succeed if it is established that Mercury & Partners owed a duty of care to them and that duty has been breached. On the other hand, Mercury & Partners might look to contend that they had no relation with Elvis and Dionne. There is no privy as there is not contract between them. A contractual liability is different from being liable for negligence. Negligence liability does not require the parties involved to be in a contract. The tort of negligence emanates from the landmark case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932)1 in which the defendant drank from a bottle of ginger beer which had a snail. It was held that the manufacturer of the bottle had a duty of care to keep the ginger beer free from snails as his bottles were opaque and any unsuspecting user could have drank it. The tort of negligence has five elements: i. Duty of care; ii. Breach of duty; iii. Factual causation; iv. Legal causation or remoteness; v. Harm; Firstly, in order to establish a duty of care, courts apply a â⠂¬Å"threefold test† that was introduced in Caparo v Dickman (1990)2. The three conditions are: i. The harm must be foreseeable; ii. There must be a relation of proximity between the parties involved; iii. It must be fair, just and reasonable to impose liability. In Caparo v Dickman (1990)3, Lord Oliver made it clear that once it is maintained that the harm was foreseeable, the relationship of proximity is automatically established. The courts have to examine whether it is just and reasonable to impose liability. Sometimes, the harm that is done is so remote that it fails the criterion of reasonableness. Most importantly, the individual circumstances of a particular case play a huge role in the establishment of duty of care. The aforementioned criteria are not necessarily the benchmark on which duty of care is to be established in each and every case. For tort of negligence, when duty of care is established, there must a breach of duty and harm must be caused which is the direc t result of the breach of duty. Factual causation is very important as a plaintiff cannot look to hold the defendant liable for a loss or harm that is not a direct result of the defendant’s act of negligence. It is unfair, unjust and unreasonable to hold the defendant liable for an unforeseeable harm. However, a physical harm poses a different question. In the given case, Mercury & Partners are the auditors and they have a duty to prepare their audit reports with reasonable care. There is a wide variety of users that uses audit reports to make important economic decisions. Reliability is a principle that sits at the very base of preparing audit reports. Elvis and Dionne made investments in Holly plc because of the information that they received from the audit report prepared by Mercury and Partners. Their loss was reasonably foreseeable which means that there was a relation of proximity too. There has been a breach of duty which has directly resulted in Elvis and Dionne losin g $100,000 each. All the elements of tort of negligence are there. However, the recovery of the loss might not be possible. In Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd (1964)4, Lord Reid explained that when a negligently made article is broadcast so that a variety of ultimate consumers act on the advice, it is unfair to hold the advisor liable to each and every one of them. Therefore, Elvis and Dionne might just be one of the many ultimate consumers

Summary of the material Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of the material - Essay Example The article points out that pollution is a phenomenon that can bring about great havoc to the environment and ill health to the future generations if it is not mitigated at present. It brings about into light the connection between policies that improve the overall conditions of the environment and those that prevent probable health risks. For this reason, the article epitomizes the model economy. The model economy provides for people to be insured with the notion that pollution will bring about future problems in terms of health (Wang, Zhao, and Bhattacharya). This means that with the increased pollution at present, there is a great possibility that a myriad of health problems will develop. According to the article, the provision of private companies to provide insurance for the anticipated health risks will boost the economy in the sense that taxes will come about from this initiative (Wang, Zhao, and Bhattacharya). Economics plays a major role in this subject matter. It is important to note that environmental policies are aimed to bring about sustainable environmental practices. In the recent economies, people have come to perceive the importance of bringing about green economies. Valuing the environment has not only been able to raise important revenue to governments but also bring about proper conservation and management of our environments. Curbing pollution will not only ensure that the environment is clean but also bring about monetary benefits to the government. The insurance companies will also indirectly aid in ensuring that revenue is raised while bringing about sustainability of the economy. From the article, we can distinctly see the role of environmental economics in maintaining a clean environment and healthy living. The article educates readers on the need of taking insurance cover especially with the increasing industrialization that poses